by Rana Baroudi
Dr. Baroudi is a Board Certified Periodontist. She has successfully passed the American Board of Periodontology oral and written examinations covering all phases of periodontal disease, its treatment and dental implants. She is also an Associate Clinical Professor of Periodontology at UCSF where she enjoys teaching and lecturing on a bi-monthly basis.
Learn MoreFor many years, dental health was seen as separate from the rest of the body’s health. However, growing research has uncovered significant links between oral health and systemic conditions, including cardiovascular disease. The relationship between heart disease and periodontal health may seem surprising at first, but studies have shown that poor oral hygiene and gum disease can increase the risk of heart-related problems. As a periodontist, Dr. Rana Baroudi emphasizes the importance of maintaining healthy gums not only to preserve a beautiful smile but also to safeguard your overall health. In this article, we’ll explore the connection between heart disease and periodontal health, what the research reveals, and how maintaining good oral hygiene can help protect your heart.
Periodontal disease, or gum disease, is an infection of the tissues that surround and support your teeth. It’s usually caused by poor oral hygiene that allows plaque to build up on the teeth and harden into tartar. When tartar is not removed by regular brushing and flossing, it can lead to inflammation of the gums (gingivitis). If left untreated, gingivitis can progress to periodontitis, a more severe form of gum disease that can damage the soft tissue and bone structures that hold teeth in place.
Periodontal disease is not just a localized issue—it can have serious consequences for your overall health. Bacteria from infected gums can enter the bloodstream and travel to other parts of the body, potentially contributing to systemic inflammation and a range of health issues, including heart disease.
While the exact mechanisms are still being studied, researchers have found several ways in which periodontal disease can contribute to heart disease:
One of the key links between gum disease and heart disease is inflammation. Gum disease is an inflammatory condition, and when the gums are infected, the body mounts an immune response to fight the infection. In doing so, the body releases inflammatory molecules, such as cytokines, into the bloodstream. This chronic low-grade inflammation has been linked to the development of atherosclerosis (plaque buildup in the arteries), which is a major risk factor for heart attacks and strokes.
Moreover, bacteria from the infected gums can enter the bloodstream through tiny tears in the gum tissue, particularly when gums are swollen or bleeding. These bacteria can then travel to the heart and other organs, potentially contributing to infection or inflammation in the arteries, leading to cardiovascular problems. Studies have shown that certain bacteria found in the mouth, such as Porphyromonas gingivalis, which is commonly associated with periodontitis, may even directly contribute to the formation of arterial plaque.
Periodontal disease has also been linked to increased blood pressure, a risk factor for heart disease. Chronic inflammation caused by gum disease may disrupt the body’s ability to regulate blood pressure, leading to higher readings. Additionally, gum disease can contribute to the narrowing and hardening of the arteries (atherosclerosis), further exacerbating the risk of high blood pressure and heart-related complications.
Diabetes and heart disease are both common conditions that are often linked to poor oral health. People with diabetes are more susceptible to developing gum disease because high blood sugar levels can weaken the body’s ability to fight infections. On the flip side, periodontal disease can also make it harder for individuals with diabetes to control their blood sugar, creating a vicious cycle of health problems. This combination of gum disease and diabetes can increase the risk of cardiovascular complications, such as heart disease and stroke.
Some studies suggest that periodontal disease may contribute to the formation of blood clots, which can obstruct blood flow to the heart and brain. The bacteria that thrive in the infected gums can increase the risk of clot formation by interacting with blood platelets and promoting the release of clot-promoting substances. This may explain why individuals with periodontal disease appear to have a higher risk of heart attacks and strokes.
Numerous studies have explored the relationship between periodontal disease and cardiovascular health. A landmark study published in the Journal of the American Heart Association in 2013 found that individuals with periodontitis were more likely to suffer from coronary artery disease, a condition in which plaque builds up in the arteries that supply blood to the heart. Another study published in Circulation, a journal of the American Heart Association, found that gum disease can increase the risk of heart attack, stroke, and other cardiovascular events by as much as 20%.
While the exact cause of this link is still being investigated, many experts believe that inflammation plays a central role. The inflammation associated with gum disease may contribute to the buildup of plaque in the arteries, a condition known as atherosclerosis, which is a major cause of heart disease. Moreover, the presence of bacteria from the mouth in the bloodstream may trigger a cascade of immune responses that negatively affect the cardiovascular system.
Given the connection between heart disease and gum disease, taking care of your gums is an important step in protecting your heart. By maintaining good oral hygiene, you can reduce your risk of developing gum disease and its associated risks. Here are some practical tips to help you keep both your gums and heart healthy:
The most important step in preventing gum disease is maintaining a consistent oral hygiene routine. Brush your teeth at least twice a day with a fluoride toothpaste and floss daily to remove plaque and food particles from between your teeth. Regular brushing and flossing help prevent the buildup of plaque, which can lead to gingivitis and eventually periodontitis.
In addition to brushing and flossing, using an antimicrobial mouthwash can help kill bacteria in the mouth and reduce the risk of gum disease. Look for a mouthwash that contains ingredients such as chlorhexidine or essential oils, which are effective at controlling plaque buildup and gingivitis.
Regular visits to your dentist or periodontist are essential for detecting and treating gum disease early. A professional cleaning can remove plaque and tartar from areas that are difficult to reach with a toothbrush, helping to prevent the progression of gum disease. If you already have periodontal disease, your dentist can recommend a more thorough cleaning, such as scaling and root planing, to treat the condition.
Smoking is a major risk factor for both gum disease and heart disease. Smoking weakens the immune system, making it harder for the body to fight off infections, including those in the gums. Quitting smoking can significantly reduce your risk of developing gum disease and cardiovascular problems.
Eating a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins can promote both gum and heart health. Foods that are high in antioxidants, such as berries and leafy greens, can help reduce inflammation in the body and protect against both gum disease and cardiovascular disease.
Maintaining healthy blood pressure and blood sugar levels is crucial for overall health, including oral health. High blood pressure and diabetes are both associated with an increased risk of gum disease. Work with your healthcare provider to manage these conditions through lifestyle changes and, if necessary, medication.
The connection between heart disease and periodontal health underscores the importance of taking care of your gums as part of your overall wellness routine. Poor oral health, particularly gum disease, has been linked to an increased risk of heart disease and other serious cardiovascular problems. By maintaining a consistent oral hygiene routine, visiting your dentist regularly, and making heart-healthy lifestyle choices, you can protect both your gums and your heart. If you have concerns about your oral health or your risk of heart disease, consult with Dr. Rana Baroudi to develop a comprehensive plan for achieving optimal dental and overall health. Remember, taking care of your teeth and gums isn’t just about having a beautiful smile—it’s about protecting your heart and your health for years to come.
